Robotaxis
Autonomous passenger vehicle fleets, automated driving systems (ADS), driverless permits, and commercial ride-hailing operations.
Active Deployments
[380 Recorded]- Apollo RT6 at Abu Dhabi[OPERATIONAL]
Abu Dhabi · Jun 1, 2024 · Baidu · Apollo RT6
Details - Apollo RT6 at Dubai[OPERATIONAL]
Dubai · Mar 30, 2026 · Baidu · Apollo RT6
Details - Apollo RT6 at Chongqing[OPERATIONAL]
Chongqing · Aug 8, 2022 · Baidu · Apollo RT6
Details - Apollo RT6 at Shenzhen[OPERATIONAL]
Shenzhen · Jan 1, 2024 · Baidu · Apollo RT6
Details - Apollo RT6 at Beijing, China[OPERATIONAL]
Beijing, China · Dec 29, 2022 · Baidu · Apollo RT6
Details - Aurora at Fort Worth[OPERATIONAL]
Fort Worth · Jun 1, 2024 · Aurora Innovation · Aurora
Details - Aurora at Dallas-Houston Corridor, Texas, USA[OPERATIONAL]
Dallas-Houston Corridor, Texas, USA · Jun 1, 2024 · Aurora Innovation · Aurora
Details - Aurora Driver at Texas[OPERATIONAL]
Texas · Jun 1, 2024 · Aurora Innovation · Aurora Driver
Details - Aurora Driver at Texas[OPERATIONAL]
Texas · Jun 1, 2024 · Aurora Innovation · Aurora Driver
Details - Aurora Driver at Fort Worth-El Paso Corridor, Texas, USA[OPERATIONAL]
Fort Worth-El Paso Corridor, Texas, USA · May 1, 2024 · Aurora Innovation · Aurora Driver
Details - Aurora Driver at Dallas-Houston Corridor, Texas, USA[OPERATIONAL]
Dallas-Houston Corridor, Texas, USA · May 1, 2024 · Aurora Innovation · Aurora Driver
Details - Aurora Driver at Texas[OPERATIONAL]
Texas · Apr 11, 2025 · Aurora Innovation · Aurora Driver
Details - Autoware at Komatsu, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan[OPERATIONAL]
Komatsu, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan · Mar 1, 2024 · Tier IV · Autoware
Details - AutoX RoboTaxi at Shenzhen[OPERATIONAL]
Shenzhen · Dec 1, 2020 · AutoX · AutoX RoboTaxi
Details - Avride Robotaxi (Hyundai Ioniq 5) at Austin[OPERATIONAL]
Austin · Dec 1, 2025 · Avride · Avride Robotaxi (Hyundai Ioniq 5)
Details
Hardware Platforms & Robot Models
[130 Indexed]- Avride Robotaxi (Hyundai Ioniq 5)[PILOT][2025–2026]
Avride's robotaxi, a fully-electric Hyundai Ioniq 5 equipped with Avride's automated driving system (ADS).
Avride · robotaxis · 5 deployments
View spec - ROii[PILOT][2025–2026]
Level 4 autonomous vehicle developed by Autonomous A2Z with 96% domestically produced components.
Autonomous A2Z · robotaxis · 4 deployments
View spec - Tensor Robocar[PILOT][2017–2026]
World's first personal Level 4 autonomous vehicle for private ownership, featuring 100+ sensors (37 cameras, 5 lidars, 11 radars), dual-mode operation (manual + autonomous), foldable steering wheel, and an AI agent powered by Tensor Foundation Models.
Tensor Auto · robotaxis · 4 deployments
View spec - Mobileye Drive[PILOT][2023–2026]
Mobileye Drive is a full Level 4 autonomous vehicle platform integrating the EyeQ SoC, REM (Road Experience Management) crowdsourced HD mapping, and True Redundancy architecture.
Mobileye · robotaxis · 4 deployments
View spec - DiDi Autonomous Driving (Gemini)[PILOT][2020]
DiDi Autonomous Driving is Didi Chuxing's L4 robotaxi technology platform.
Didi Chuxing · robotaxis · 3 deployments
View spec - VW ID. Buzz AD[PILOT][2023–2026]
VW ID.
Volkswagen Group · robotaxis · 3 deployments
View spec - Motional IONIQ 5 Robotaxi[PILOT][2026]
Motional's purpose-built robotaxi platform based on the Hyundai IONIQ 5 electric crossover, featuring 30-plus sensors including lidar, radar, and cameras for full 360-degree coverage.
Motional · robotaxis · 3 deployments
View spec - Uber ATG Self-Driving Vehicle (Volvo XC90)[PILOT][2024]
Uber ATG's self-driving test vehicle platform, based on the Volvo XC90 with redundant steering and braking systems.
Uber ATG · robotaxis · 2 deployments
View spec - MoveEz Robotaxi[PILOT][2025–2026]
MoveEz Robotaxi is an autonomous vehicle platform using proprietary mapless navigation technology and all-weather perception systems (imaging radar plus LiDAR fusion) to enable Level 4 robotaxi service without reliance on HD 3D maps.
MoveEz · robotaxis · 2 deployments
View spec - Verne Robotaxi[PILOT][2026]
Verne's robotaxi service uses electric vehicles equipped with Pony.ai's seventh-generation autonomous driving system, operating commercially in Zagreb since April 2026.
Verne · robotaxis · 1 deployment
View spec - ID. Buzz AD[PILOT][2026]
The Volkswagen ID.
MOIA · robotaxis · 1 deployment
View spec - Heron / DriveHeron[PILOT][2026]
Turing's multimodal AI foundation model for autonomous driving.
Turing · robotaxis · 1 deployment
View spec - Didi Robotaxi[PILOT][2025]
Didi Autonomous Driving, the autonomous-vehicle subsidiary of the Chinese ride-hailing giant Didi Chuxing, is a distinct Level-4 robotaxi stack developer rather than a ride-hailing aggregator, and the one genuine missing active Chinese robotaxi operator beyond Baidu, Pony.ai, and WeRide.
Didi Autonomous Driving · robotaxis · 1 deployment
View spec - Cruise Origin[PILOT][2022]
Cruise Origin was GM Cruise's purpose-built autonomous shuttle: no steering wheel or pedals, with campfire-style bench seating for up to six passengers, designed exclusively for driverless commercial robotaxi service.
Cruise · robotaxis · 1 deployment
View spec - Nuro R2[RESEARCH][2018–2024]
Second-generation Nuro autonomous road vehicle.
Nuro · robotaxis · 7 deployments
View spec
Real-World Incidents & Failure Modes
[451 Logged]- Software May Allow Vehicle to Enter and Drive In Freeway Construction Zones[RECALL]
Jun 13, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - Waymo recalls 672 robotaxis after vehicle collided with telephone pole in Phoenix[COLLISION]
Jun 10, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - NHTSA grants first Automated Vehicle Exemption to Zoox[REGULATORY ACTION]
Jun 3, 2026 · Zoox · Zoox Robotaxi · Miami
Details - CNN uncovers reported close calls with Waymo robotaxis - 'I had to push my son out of the way'[OTHER]
Jun 3, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - Zoox robotaxi stalled at Flamingo Road and Valley View intersection in Las Vegas[TRAFFIC DISRUPTION]
Jun 1, 2026 · Zoox · Zoox Robotaxi · Miami
Details - ADS crash report in San Francisco, CA involving a JAGUAR I-PACE (NHTSA SGO 30270-15301)[COLLISION]
Jun 1, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - ADS crash report in San Francisco, CA involving a JAGUAR I-PACE (NHTSA SGO 30270-15352)[COLLISION]
Jun 1, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - ADS crash report in Atlanta, GA involving a JAGUAR I-PACE (NHTSA SGO 30270-15362)[COLLISION]
Jun 1, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - ADS crash report in San Francisco, CA involving a JAGUAR I-PACE (NHTSA SGO 30270-15347)[COLLISION]
Jun 1, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - ADS crash report in Los Angeles, CA involving a JAGUAR I-PACE (NHTSA SGO 30270-15349)[COLLISION]
Jun 1, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - ADS crash report in Los Angeles, CA involving a JAGUAR I-PACE (NHTSA SGO 30270-15374)[COLLISION]
Jun 1, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - ADS crash report in San Francisco, CA involving a JAGUAR I-PACE (NHTSA SGO 30270-15350)[COLLISION]
Jun 1, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - ADS crash report in San Francisco, CA involving a JAGUAR I-PACE (NHTSA SGO 30270-15348)[COLLISION]
Jun 1, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - ADS crash report in Los Angeles, CA involving a JAGUAR I-PACE (NHTSA SGO 30270-15353)[COLLISION]
Jun 1, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - ADS crash report in Chandler, AZ involving a JAGUAR I-PACE (NHTSA SGO 30270-15356)[COLLISION]
Jun 1, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details
Active Manufacturers & Operators
[108 Tracked]- MOIA
[PRIVATE] · 2 models · 2 deployments
Inspect - MoveEz
[ACTIVE] · 1 models · 2 deployments · Funding: $1M
Inspect - Pandar LiDAR
[ACTIVE] · 1 models · 2 deployments · Funding: $190M
Inspect - Uber ATG
[SUBSIDIARY] · 1 models · 2 deployments
Inspect - Volvo Cars
[PUBLIC] · 1 models · 2 deployments
Inspect - Zhuoyu Technology
[PRIVATE] · 1 models · 2 deployments · Funding: $528M
Inspect - XPeng Robotics
[PUBLIC] · 2 models · 1 deployments · Funding: $900M
Inspect - Comma AI
[PRIVATE] · 1 models · 1 deployments · Funding: $3M
Inspect - Momenta Global
[PUBLIC] · 1 models · 1 deployments · Funding: $752M
Inspect - AutoX
[WOUND_DOWN] · 1 models · 1 deployments · Funding: $267M
Inspect - Didi Autonomous Driving
[SUBSIDIARY] · 1 models · 1 deployments · Funding: $781M
Inspect - Haima Automobile
[ACTIVE] · 1 models · 1 deployments
Inspect - NIO
[ACTIVE] · 2 models · 1 deployments
Inspect - Renault Group
[PUBLIC] · 2 models · 1 deployments
Inspect - Turing
[PRIVATE] · 1 models · 1 deployments · Funding: $273M
Inspect
Regulatory Policies & Safety Standards
[139 Filings]- ANSI/A3 R15.08 - Industrial mobile robot (IMR) safety[in effect]
United States · safety standard
Inspect filing - ANSI/CAN/UL 3300:2024 - Safety for service, communication, information, education and entertainment (SCIEE) robots[in effect]
United States · safety standard
Inspect filing - ANSI/RIA R15.06 - US industrial robot and robot-system safety (adoption of ISO 10218)[in effect]
United States · safety standard
Inspect filing - Bipartisan Infrastructure Law Section 24116: NHTSA AV Safety Data Reporting Requirements[in effect]
United States · safety standard
Inspect filing - BIS AI Diffusion Framework (Jan 13 2025)[in effect]
United States · operational restriction
Inspect filing - BIS Oct 17 2023 tightening of AI chip export controls[in effect]
United States · operational restriction
Inspect filing - FERC orders the six RTOs and ISOs to justify or reform large-load interconnection rules[in effect]
United States · operational restriction
Inspect filing - Illinois SB 1432 - Autonomous Vehicle Act (Manufacturer Liability)[in effect]
United States · standard
Inspect filing - New York AV Testing Insurance Requirement ($5M per vehicle)[in effect]
United States · standard
Inspect filing - NHTSA ADAS Pedestrian Automatic Emergency Braking Rulemaking[proposed]
United States · standard
Inspect filing - NHTSA Automated Vehicle Exemption Program (Part 555) — First Passenger-Carrying Exemption Granted to Zoox[in effect]
United States · permit
Inspect filing - NHTSA Automated Vehicle regulatory framework (United States)[in effect]
United States · safety standard
Inspect filing - NHTSA Closes Zoox Braking Behavior Investigation[in effect]
United States · other
Inspect filing - NHTSA EA22002: Tesla Autopilot Investigation Results in 2M Vehicle Recall (Closed April 2024)[in effect]
United States · operational restriction
Inspect filing - NHTSA Engineering Analysis EA26001: Cruise Pedestrian Dragging Investigation[in effect]
United States · operational restriction
Inspect filing
AI Foundations & Model Brains
[12 Stacks]- Apollo ADFM (Baidu)[Verified Stack]
Powers: Apollo RT6
- Aurora Driver[Verified Stack]
Powers: Aurora Driver, Aurora Driver on International LT (2nd-gen), Aurora Driver on Peterbilt 579 (PACCAR), Volvo VNL Autonomous
- Avride ADS[Verified Stack]
Powers: Avride delivery robot, Avride Robotaxi (Hyundai Ioniq 5)
- Gatik Driver[Verified Stack]
Powers: Gatik Autonomous Box Truck, Gatik Autonomous Drive
- Mobileye Drive[Verified Stack]
Powers: Mobileye Drive, Volvo EX90, VW ID. Buzz AD
- Nuro Driver[Verified Stack]
Powers: Nuro Autonomous Prius, Nuro R2, Nuro R3
- Plus SuperDrive[Verified Stack]
Powers: PlusDrive, Plus SuperDrive Autonomous Truck
- PonyWorld (Pony.ai Virtual Driver)[Verified Stack]
Powers: Pony Gen-7 Robotaxi
- Tesla FSD-Bot[Verified Stack]
Powers: Cybercab, Tesla Optimus, Tesla Robotaxi (Model Y ADS), Semi
- VLT (XPENG VLA / VLA 2.0)[Verified Stack]
Powers: XPeng IRON, XPENG Robotaxi
- Waymo Driver[Verified Stack]
Powers: Waymo Driver (6th gen), Ojai, Waymo Via (autonomous trucking)
- WeRide One[Verified Stack]
Powers: Robotaxi GXR