Robotaxis
Autonomous passenger vehicle fleets, automated driving systems (ADS), driverless permits, and commercial ride-hailing operations.
Active Deployments
[380 Recorded]- Apollo RT6 at Abu Dhabi[OPERATIONAL]
Abu Dhabi · Jun 1, 2024 · Baidu · Apollo RT6
Details - Apollo RT6 at Dubai[OPERATIONAL]
Dubai · Mar 30, 2026 · Baidu · Apollo RT6
Details - Apollo RT6 at Chongqing[OPERATIONAL]
Chongqing · Aug 8, 2022 · Baidu · Apollo RT6
Details - Apollo RT6 at Shenzhen[OPERATIONAL]
Shenzhen · Jan 1, 2024 · Baidu · Apollo RT6
Details - Apollo RT6 at Beijing, China[OPERATIONAL]
Beijing, China · Dec 29, 2022 · Baidu · Apollo RT6
Details - Aurora at Fort Worth[OPERATIONAL]
Fort Worth · Jun 1, 2024 · Aurora Innovation · Aurora
Details - Aurora at Dallas-Houston Corridor, Texas, USA[OPERATIONAL]
Dallas-Houston Corridor, Texas, USA · Jun 1, 2024 · Aurora Innovation · Aurora
Details - Aurora Driver at Texas[OPERATIONAL]
Texas · Jun 1, 2024 · Aurora Innovation · Aurora Driver
Details - Aurora Driver at Texas[OPERATIONAL]
Texas · Jun 1, 2024 · Aurora Innovation · Aurora Driver
Details - Aurora Driver at Fort Worth-El Paso Corridor, Texas, USA[OPERATIONAL]
Fort Worth-El Paso Corridor, Texas, USA · May 1, 2024 · Aurora Innovation · Aurora Driver
Details - Aurora Driver at Dallas-Houston Corridor, Texas, USA[OPERATIONAL]
Dallas-Houston Corridor, Texas, USA · May 1, 2024 · Aurora Innovation · Aurora Driver
Details - Aurora Driver at Texas[OPERATIONAL]
Texas · Apr 11, 2025 · Aurora Innovation · Aurora Driver
Details - Autoware at Komatsu, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan[OPERATIONAL]
Komatsu, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan · Mar 1, 2024 · Tier IV · Autoware
Details - AutoX RoboTaxi at Shenzhen[OPERATIONAL]
Shenzhen · Dec 1, 2020 · AutoX · AutoX RoboTaxi
Details - Avride Robotaxi (Hyundai Ioniq 5) at Austin[OPERATIONAL]
Austin · Dec 1, 2025 · Avride · Avride Robotaxi (Hyundai Ioniq 5)
Details
Hardware Platforms & Robot Models
[130 Indexed]- Avride Robotaxi (Hyundai Ioniq 5)[PILOT][2025–2026]
Avride's robotaxi, a fully-electric Hyundai Ioniq 5 equipped with Avride's automated driving system (ADS).
Avride · robotaxis · 5 deployments
View spec - ROii[PILOT][2025–2026]
Level 4 autonomous vehicle developed by Autonomous A2Z with 96% domestically produced components.
Autonomous A2Z · robotaxis · 4 deployments
View spec - Tensor Robocar[PILOT][2017–2026]
World's first personal Level 4 autonomous vehicle for private ownership, featuring 100+ sensors (37 cameras, 5 lidars, 11 radars), dual-mode operation (manual + autonomous), foldable steering wheel, and an AI agent powered by Tensor Foundation Models.
Tensor Auto · robotaxis · 4 deployments
View spec - Mobileye Drive[PILOT][2023–2026]
Mobileye Drive is a full Level 4 autonomous vehicle platform integrating the EyeQ SoC, REM (Road Experience Management) crowdsourced HD mapping, and True Redundancy architecture.
Mobileye · robotaxis · 4 deployments
View spec - DiDi Autonomous Driving (Gemini)[PILOT][2020]
DiDi Autonomous Driving is Didi Chuxing's L4 robotaxi technology platform.
Didi Chuxing · robotaxis · 3 deployments
View spec - VW ID. Buzz AD[PILOT][2023–2026]
VW ID.
Volkswagen Group · robotaxis · 3 deployments
View spec - Motional IONIQ 5 Robotaxi[PILOT][2026]
Motional's purpose-built robotaxi platform based on the Hyundai IONIQ 5 electric crossover, featuring 30-plus sensors including lidar, radar, and cameras for full 360-degree coverage.
Motional · robotaxis · 3 deployments
View spec - Uber ATG Self-Driving Vehicle (Volvo XC90)[PILOT][2024]
Uber ATG's self-driving test vehicle platform, based on the Volvo XC90 with redundant steering and braking systems.
Uber ATG · robotaxis · 2 deployments
View spec - MoveEz Robotaxi[PILOT][2025–2026]
MoveEz Robotaxi is an autonomous vehicle platform using proprietary mapless navigation technology and all-weather perception systems (imaging radar plus LiDAR fusion) to enable Level 4 robotaxi service without reliance on HD 3D maps.
MoveEz · robotaxis · 2 deployments
View spec - Verne Robotaxi[PILOT][2026]
Verne's robotaxi service uses electric vehicles equipped with Pony.ai's seventh-generation autonomous driving system, operating commercially in Zagreb since April 2026.
Verne · robotaxis · 1 deployment
View spec - ID. Buzz AD[PILOT][2026]
The Volkswagen ID.
MOIA · robotaxis · 1 deployment
View spec - Heron / DriveHeron[PILOT][2026]
Turing's multimodal AI foundation model for autonomous driving.
Turing · robotaxis · 1 deployment
View spec - Didi Robotaxi[PILOT][2025]
Didi Autonomous Driving, the autonomous-vehicle subsidiary of the Chinese ride-hailing giant Didi Chuxing, is a distinct Level-4 robotaxi stack developer rather than a ride-hailing aggregator, and the one genuine missing active Chinese robotaxi operator beyond Baidu, Pony.ai, and WeRide.
Didi Autonomous Driving · robotaxis · 1 deployment
View spec - Cruise Origin[PILOT][2022]
Cruise Origin was GM Cruise's purpose-built autonomous shuttle: no steering wheel or pedals, with campfire-style bench seating for up to six passengers, designed exclusively for driverless commercial robotaxi service.
Cruise · robotaxis · 1 deployment
View spec - Nuro R2[RESEARCH][2018–2024]
Second-generation Nuro autonomous road vehicle.
Nuro · robotaxis · 7 deployments
View spec
Real-World Incidents & Failure Modes
[451 Logged]- NHTSA grants Zoox temporary exemption to commercially deploy up to 2,500 robotaxis annually[REGULATORY ACTION]
Jul 30, 2026 · Zoox · Zoox Robotaxi · Miami
Details - Zoox clears final federal hurdle, receives NHTSA exemption to launch paid robotaxi service[REGULATORY ACTION]
Jul 30, 2026 · Zoox · Zoox Robotaxi · Miami
Details - NHTSA grants Zoox first-ever commercial FMVSS exemption for purpose-built robotaxi[REGULATORY ACTION]
Jul 30, 2026 · Zoox · Zoox Robotaxi · Miami
Details - NHTSA launches $5M SAE ITC partnership to develop first-ever AV performance standards and updates AV technical guidance[REGULATORY ACTION]
Jul 30, 2026 · Zoox · Zoox Robotaxi · Miami
Details - NHTSA grants Zoox temporary commercial deployment exemption for up to 2,500 robotaxis annually for two years[REGULATORY ACTION]
Jul 30, 2026 · Zoox · Zoox Robotaxi · Miami
Details - Tesla in Autopilot mode strikes and kills motorcyclist ejected onto TX-130 in Travis County[FATALITY]
Jul 28, 2026 · Tesla · Tesla Robotaxi (Model Y ADS) · Orlando, Florida, USA
Details - Waymo racks up 83 parking citations totaling $9,325 in Austin since 2024 launch[REGULATORY ACTION]
Jul 28, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Portland, Oregon, USA
Details - Santa Monica judge issues preliminary injunction banning overnight operations at two Waymo Broadway recharging stations[REGULATORY ACTION]
Jul 28, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Portland, Oregon, USA
Details - Rep. Kevin Mullin proposes AV Emergency Response Coordination Act requiring national safety standards for autonomous vehicles[REGULATORY ACTION]
Jul 28, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - Waymo robotaxi struck by blue sedan that had just hit a pedestrian in Pico-Union, Los Angeles; two hospitalized, one critically injured[COLLISION]
Jul 26, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - Waymo robotaxi involved in two-vehicle collision in Los Angeles, multiple people hospitalized[COLLISION]
Jul 26, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - Waymo robotaxi involved in two-vehicle crash in LA's Pico-Union, one person critically injured[COLLISION]
Jul 25, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - Tesla robotaxi seen going wrong way down one-way street in Tampa one day after driverless service launch[TRAFFIC DISRUPTION]
Jul 22, 2026 · Tesla · Tesla Robotaxi (Model Y ADS) · Orlando, Florida, USA
Details - France blocks Tesla FSD Supervised approval over safety concerns[REGULATORY ACTION]
Jul 22, 2026 · Tesla · Tesla Robotaxi (Model Y ADS) · Orlando, Florida, USA
Details - Tesla Robotaxi remote operator crashed vehicle into tree stump in Houston[COLLISION]
Jul 20, 2026 · Tesla · Tesla Robotaxi (Model Y ADS) · Orlando, Florida, USA
Details
Active Manufacturers & Operators
[108 Tracked]- Werner Enterprises
[PUBLIC] · 2 models · 2 deployments
Inspect - Moove
[PRIVATE] · 1 models · 1 deployments · Funding: $250M
Inspect - Uber
[PUBLIC] · 1 models · 1 deployments
Inspect
Regulatory Policies & Safety Standards
[139 Filings]- NHTSA Engineering Analysis EA26002: Tesla FSD Reduced-Visibility Crash Investigation (3.2M Vehicles)[in effect]
United States · operational restriction
Inspect filing - NHTSA Investigation: Waymo Robotaxis Passing Stopped School Buses[in effect]
United States · other
Inspect filing - NHTSA Proposed FMVSS 102 Amendment to Exempt AVs from Transmission Shift Visibility Requirements[proposed]
United States · operational restriction
Inspect filing - NHTSA Recall: Waymo 3,791 Robotaxis Over Flooded Road Incident (San Antonio, OTA Fix)[in effect]
United States · operational restriction
Inspect filing - NHTSA Recall: Waymo 5th Gen Robotaxi Software Update (505 Units)[in effect]
United States · operational restriction
Inspect filing - NHTSA Recall: Zoox Robotaxi Pedestrian Collision Risk Software Update[in effect]
United States · operational restriction
Inspect filing - NHTSA Recall: Zoox Robotaxi Software Update for Heavy Smoke Visibility (26E044)[in effect]
United States · operational restriction
Inspect filing - NHTSA Reviewing Robomart Exemption Application for Low-Speed Autonomous Vehicle[proposed]
United States · permit
Inspect filing - NHTSA SGO: ADS and Level 2 ADAS Crash Reporting Requirements (2026 Comment Period)[in effect]
United States · operational restriction
Inspect filing - NHTSA Third Amended Standing General Order on ADS/ADAS Crash Reporting[in effect]
United States · safety standard
Inspect filing - NIST AI Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0): Voluntary Guidelines for Trustworthy AI[in effect]
United States · safety standard
Inspect filing - NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0: Expanded Coverage for Autonomous Systems[in effect]
United States · safety standard
Inspect filing - NIST Trustworthy AI in Critical Infrastructure Profile (2026)[in effect]
United States · safety standard
Inspect filing - NVIDIA H20 China export licensing requirement (April 2025)[in effect]
United States · operational restriction
Inspect filing - SELF DRIVE Act of 2026 — Federal AV Preemption Framework[proposed]
United States · operational restriction
Inspect filing
AI Foundations & Model Brains
[12 Stacks]- Apollo ADFM (Baidu)[Verified Stack]
Powers: Apollo RT6
- Aurora Driver[Verified Stack]
Powers: Aurora Driver, Aurora Driver on International LT (2nd-gen), Aurora Driver on Peterbilt 579 (PACCAR), Volvo VNL Autonomous
- Avride ADS[Verified Stack]
Powers: Avride delivery robot, Avride Robotaxi (Hyundai Ioniq 5)
- Gatik Driver[Verified Stack]
Powers: Gatik Autonomous Box Truck, Gatik Autonomous Drive
- Mobileye Drive[Verified Stack]
Powers: Mobileye Drive, Volvo EX90, VW ID. Buzz AD
- Nuro Driver[Verified Stack]
Powers: Nuro Autonomous Prius, Nuro R2, Nuro R3
- Plus SuperDrive[Verified Stack]
Powers: PlusDrive, Plus SuperDrive Autonomous Truck
- PonyWorld (Pony.ai Virtual Driver)[Verified Stack]
Powers: Pony Gen-7 Robotaxi
- Tesla FSD-Bot[Verified Stack]
Powers: Cybercab, Tesla Optimus, Tesla Robotaxi (Model Y ADS), Semi
- VLT (XPENG VLA / VLA 2.0)[Verified Stack]
Powers: XPeng IRON, XPENG Robotaxi
- Waymo Driver[Verified Stack]
Powers: Waymo Driver (6th gen), Ojai, Waymo Via (autonomous trucking)
- WeRide One[Verified Stack]
Powers: Robotaxi GXR