Robotaxis
Autonomous passenger vehicle fleets, automated driving systems (ADS), driverless permits, and commercial ride-hailing operations.
Active Deployments
[380 Recorded]- Apollo RT6 at Abu Dhabi[OPERATIONAL]
Abu Dhabi · Jun 1, 2024 · Baidu · Apollo RT6
Details - Apollo RT6 at Dubai[OPERATIONAL]
Dubai · Mar 30, 2026 · Baidu · Apollo RT6
Details - Apollo RT6 at Chongqing[OPERATIONAL]
Chongqing · Aug 8, 2022 · Baidu · Apollo RT6
Details - Apollo RT6 at Shenzhen[OPERATIONAL]
Shenzhen · Jan 1, 2024 · Baidu · Apollo RT6
Details - Apollo RT6 at Beijing, China[OPERATIONAL]
Beijing, China · Dec 29, 2022 · Baidu · Apollo RT6
Details - Aurora at Fort Worth[OPERATIONAL]
Fort Worth · Jun 1, 2024 · Aurora Innovation · Aurora
Details - Aurora at Dallas-Houston Corridor, Texas, USA[OPERATIONAL]
Dallas-Houston Corridor, Texas, USA · Jun 1, 2024 · Aurora Innovation · Aurora
Details - Aurora Driver at Texas[OPERATIONAL]
Texas · Jun 1, 2024 · Aurora Innovation · Aurora Driver
Details - Aurora Driver at Texas[OPERATIONAL]
Texas · Jun 1, 2024 · Aurora Innovation · Aurora Driver
Details - Aurora Driver at Fort Worth-El Paso Corridor, Texas, USA[OPERATIONAL]
Fort Worth-El Paso Corridor, Texas, USA · May 1, 2024 · Aurora Innovation · Aurora Driver
Details - Aurora Driver at Dallas-Houston Corridor, Texas, USA[OPERATIONAL]
Dallas-Houston Corridor, Texas, USA · May 1, 2024 · Aurora Innovation · Aurora Driver
Details - Aurora Driver at Texas[OPERATIONAL]
Texas · Apr 11, 2025 · Aurora Innovation · Aurora Driver
Details - Autoware at Komatsu, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan[OPERATIONAL]
Komatsu, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan · Mar 1, 2024 · Tier IV · Autoware
Details - AutoX RoboTaxi at Shenzhen[OPERATIONAL]
Shenzhen · Dec 1, 2020 · AutoX · AutoX RoboTaxi
Details - Avride Robotaxi (Hyundai Ioniq 5) at Austin[OPERATIONAL]
Austin · Dec 1, 2025 · Avride · Avride Robotaxi (Hyundai Ioniq 5)
Details
Hardware Platforms & Robot Models
[130 Indexed]- Terberg Yt[COMMERCIAL]
Terberg autonomous terminal tractor for port and yard logistics.
Terberg · robotaxis · 0 deployments
View spec - Toyota P4[COMMERCIAL]
Toyota Motor P4 autonomous vehicle platform for self-driving.
Toyota Motor Corporation · robotaxis · 0 deployments
View spec - Tvs Vehicle[COMMERCIAL]
TVS Motor Company motorcycle and scooter with IoT connectivity.
TVS Motor Company · robotaxis · 0 deployments
View spec - Valeo Adas[COMMERCIAL]
Valeo advanced driver assistance systems including LiDAR and cameras.
Valeo · robotaxis · 0 deployments
View spec - Veoneer System[COMMERCIAL]
Veoneer advanced driver assistance system with LiDAR and vision.
Veoneer · robotaxis · 0 deployments
View spec - Yamaha Motoroid[COMMERCIAL]
Yamaha Motor MOTOROiD AI-equipped motorcycle with autonomous balance.
Yamaha Motor · robotaxis · 0 deployments
View spec - Yutong Bus[COMMERCIAL]
Yutong Group autonomous bus for public transportation.
Yutong Group · robotaxis · 0 deployments
View spec - Geely Zeekr[COMMERCIAL]
Zhejiang Geely Holding Zeekr 001 EV with autonomous driving.
Zhejiang Geely Holding · robotaxis · 0 deployments
View spec - Zotye Vehicle[COMMERCIAL]
Zotye Auto Chinese automobile manufacturer.
Zotye Auto · robotaxis · 0 deployments
View spec - Kodiak Driverless Truck[PRODUCTION][2022–2026]
Mountain View, CA-based autonomous trucking company founded in 2018 by Don Burnette (CEO), a former Waymo co-founder.
Kodiak Robotics · food-service · 10 deployments
View spec
Real-World Incidents & Failure Modes
[451 Logged]- Haomo.AI halts all operations, employees told not to report to work[MALFUNCTION]
Nov 24, 2025 · Haomo.AI · Xiaomo Tuo · Beijing, China
Details - Uber ATG self-driving test vehicle struck and killed pedestrian Elaine Herzberg in Tempe, Arizona - the first pedestrian death caused by an autonomous vehicle (2018)[FATALITY]
Mar 18, 2018 · Uber ATG · Uber ATG Self-Driving Vehicle (Volvo XC90) · United States (multiple hotel chains)
Details - XPENG IRON humanoid fell face-first during public debut at shopping mall[MALFUNCTION]
Jan 31, 2026 · XPeng Robotics · XPeng IRON · Shanghai, China
Details - Comma.ai cancels Comma One product after NHTSA regulatory letter[REGULATORY ACTION]
Oct 27, 2016 · Comma AI · comma four · Global (worldwide)
Details - OSHA: Hospitalization involving Industrial Robot / Workcell at Walmart, Inc. (BENTONVILLE, ARKANSAS, USA)[WORKPLACE INJURY]
Sep 10, 2023 · Walmart · Industrial Robot / Workcell · BENTONVILLE, ARKANSAS, USA
Details - XPENG IRON humanoid robot fell face-first during its first public appearance at a Shenzhen shopping mall[MALFUNCTION]
Feb 1, 2026 · XPeng · XPeng IRON · Shanghai, China
Details - OSHA: Amputation involving Robotic Palletizer / Depalletizer at Continental Tire (CLINTON, MISSISSIPPI, USA)[WORKPLACE INJURY]
Apr 10, 2025 · Continental AG · Robotic Palletizer / Depalletizer · CLINTON, MISSISSIPPI, USA
Details - Robert Williams, first known person killed by a robot, struck by a parts-retrieval arm at Ford (1979)[INJURY]
Ford Motor Company
Details - OSHA: Amputation involving Industrial Robot / Workcell at Ford Motor Company (CINCINNATI, OHIO, USA)[WORKPLACE INJURY]
Sep 8, 2018 · Ford Motor Company · Industrial Robot / Workcell · CINCINNATI, OHIO, USA
Details - OSHA: Hospitalization involving Industrial Robot / Workcell at FORD MOTOR COMPANY, OHIO ASSEMBLY PLANT (AVON LAKE, OHIO, USA)[WORKPLACE INJURY]
Feb 25, 2023 · Ford Motor Company · Industrial Robot / Workcell · AVON LAKE, OHIO, USA
Details - OSHA: Hospitalization involving Industrial Robot / Workcell at Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama L.L.C. (MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA, USA)[WORKPLACE INJURY]
Jul 6, 2016 · Hyundai Motor Company · Industrial Robot / Workcell · MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA, USA
Details - Navya autonomous shuttle collided with truck in Las Vegas on first day[COLLISION]
Nov 8, 2017 · Navya · Autonom Shuttle Evo · Robotaxis
Details - Pedestrian collided with side of Navya autonomous shuttle[COLLISION]
Sep 1, 2018 · Navya · Autonom Shuttle Evo · Robotaxis
Details - OSHA: Amputation involving Industrial Robot / Workcell at YAMAHA MOTOR MANUFACTURING CORPORATION OF AMERICA (NEWNAN, GEORGIA, USA)[WORKPLACE INJURY]
Dec 10, 2015 · Yamaha Motor · Industrial Robot / Workcell · NEWNAN, GEORGIA, USA
Details - Dutch Data Protection Authority fines Uber 825M EUR for automating driver suspensions without adequate disclosure[REGULATORY ACTION]
Uber
Details
Active Manufacturers & Operators
[108 Tracked]- Waymo
[SUBSIDIARY] · 5 models · 72 deployments · Funding: $27.1B
Inspect - Tesla
[PUBLIC] · 4 models · 40 deployments
Inspect - Aurora Innovation
[PUBLIC] · 4 models · 34 deployments · Funding: $1.9B
Inspect - Zoox
[SUBSIDIARY] · 1 models · 30 deployments · Funding: $1.8B
Inspect - Nuro
[PRIVATE] · 3 models · 26 deployments · Funding: $2.3B
Inspect - Avride
[SUBSIDIARY] · 2 models · 23 deployments · Funding: $375M
Inspect - May Mobility
[PRIVATE] · 1 models · 15 deployments · Funding: $173M
Inspect - Pony AI
[PUBLIC] · 1 models · 14 deployments · Funding: $664M
Inspect - Gatik
[PRIVATE] · 2 models · 12 deployments · Funding: $85M
Inspect - Plus
[PRIVATE] · 2 models · 8 deployments · Funding: $740M
Inspect - Cruise
[SUBSIDIARY] · 2 models · 9 deployments · Funding: $6.2B
Inspect - Beep
[ACTIVE] · 1 models · 7 deployments · Funding: see investors →
Inspect - Baidu
[PUBLIC] · 2 models · 7 deployments · Funding: $1.5B
Inspect - EasyMile
[ACTIVE] · 2 models · 7 deployments · Funding: $55M
Inspect - Tier IV
[PUBLIC] · 1 models · 6 deployments · Funding: $373M
Inspect
Regulatory Policies & Safety Standards
[139 Filings]- US Federal AV Liability Legislative Gap[proposed]
United States · standard
Inspect filing - Arizona Autonomous Vehicle Deployment Law (No Driver Required)[in effect]
Arizona · standard
Inspect filing - Arizona autonomous vehicle law (ARS Title 28 Ch. 9; EO 2018-04 / HB 2813)[in effect]
Arizona · other
Inspect filing - Arkansas autonomous vehicle law (Act 468 of 2019; Ark. Code 27-51-2001 et seq.)[in effect]
Arkansas · other
Inspect filing - Cal. Veh. Code § 38750: Autonomous Vehicles[in effect]
California · safety standard
Inspect filing - California AB 1777 requires driverless vehicles to support first responder communication and emergency geofencing[in effect]
California · operational restriction
Inspect filing - California Authorizes Police to Issue Traffic Citations to Autonomous Vehicle Companies[in effect]
California · operational restriction
Inspect filing - California DMV Authorizes Autonomous Heavy-Duty Trucks (April 2026 Regulation Update)[in effect]
California · permit
Inspect filing - California SB 66 - AV Insurance and Liability Framework[in effect]
California · standard
Inspect filing - California autonomous vehicle regulations (DMV 13 CCR; CPUC passenger service)[in effect]
California · other
Inspect filing - 13 Cal. Code Regs. § 227.02: Definitions[in effect]
California · other
Inspect filing - 13 Cal. Code Regs. § 227.04: Requirements for a Manufacturer's Testing Permit[in effect]
California · permit
Inspect filing - 13 Cal. Code Regs. § 227.26: Vehicles Excluded from Testing and Deployment[in effect]
California · operational restriction
Inspect filing - 13 Cal. Code Regs. § 227.42: Driverless Testing Permit Application Requirements[in effect]
California · permit
Inspect filing - 13 Cal. Code Regs. § 227.54: Reporting Collisions[in effect]
California · safety standard
Inspect filing
AI Foundations & Model Brains
[12 Stacks]- Apollo ADFM (Baidu)[Verified Stack]
Powers: Apollo RT6
- Aurora Driver[Verified Stack]
Powers: Aurora Driver, Aurora Driver on International LT (2nd-gen), Aurora Driver on Peterbilt 579 (PACCAR), Volvo VNL Autonomous
- Avride ADS[Verified Stack]
Powers: Avride delivery robot, Avride Robotaxi (Hyundai Ioniq 5)
- Gatik Driver[Verified Stack]
Powers: Gatik Autonomous Box Truck, Gatik Autonomous Drive
- Mobileye Drive[Verified Stack]
Powers: Mobileye Drive, Volvo EX90, VW ID. Buzz AD
- Nuro Driver[Verified Stack]
Powers: Nuro Autonomous Prius, Nuro R2, Nuro R3
- Plus SuperDrive[Verified Stack]
Powers: PlusDrive, Plus SuperDrive Autonomous Truck
- PonyWorld (Pony.ai Virtual Driver)[Verified Stack]
Powers: Pony Gen-7 Robotaxi
- Tesla FSD-Bot[Verified Stack]
Powers: Cybercab, Tesla Optimus, Tesla Robotaxi (Model Y ADS), Semi
- VLT (XPENG VLA / VLA 2.0)[Verified Stack]
Powers: XPeng IRON, XPENG Robotaxi
- Waymo Driver[Verified Stack]
Powers: Waymo Driver (6th gen), Ojai, Waymo Via (autonomous trucking)
- WeRide One[Verified Stack]
Powers: Robotaxi GXR