Robotaxis
Autonomous passenger vehicle fleets, automated driving systems (ADS), driverless permits, and commercial ride-hailing operations.
Active Deployments
[380 Recorded]- Nuro R2 at Mountain View, California, USA[OPERATIONAL]
Mountain View, California, USA · Jan 1, 2022 · Nuro · Nuro R2
Details - Nuro R2 at Houston, Texas, USA[OPERATIONAL]
Houston, Texas, USA · Nov 7, 2019 · Nuro · Nuro R2
Details - Nuro R3 at Palo Alto, California, USA[OPERATIONAL]
Palo Alto, California, USA · Dec 4, 2024 · Nuro · Nuro R3
Details - Nuro R3 at Mountain View, California, USA[OPERATIONAL]
Mountain View, California, USA · Dec 4, 2024 · Nuro · Nuro R3
Details - Nuro R3 at Houston, Texas, USA[OPERATIONAL]
Houston, Texas, USA · Dec 4, 2024 · Nuro · Nuro R3
Details - Ojai at San Francisco, California, USA[OPERATIONAL]
San Francisco, California, USA · Aug 19, 2026 · Waymo · Ojai
Details - Ojai at Phoenix, Arizona, USA[OPERATIONAL]
Phoenix, Arizona, USA · Aug 19, 2026 · Waymo · Ojai
Details - Ojai at Los Angeles, California, USA[OPERATIONAL]
Los Angeles, California, USA · Aug 19, 2026 · Waymo · Ojai
Details - Ojai at Nashville[OPERATIONAL]
Nashville · Jun 1, 2024 · Waymo · Ojai
Details - Ojai at Atlanta[OPERATIONAL]
Atlanta · Jun 1, 2024 · Waymo · Ojai
Details - Ojai at Miami[OPERATIONAL]
Miami · Jun 1, 2024 · Waymo · Ojai
Details - Ojai at Dallas-Houston Corridor, Texas, USA[OPERATIONAL]
Dallas-Houston Corridor, Texas, USA · Jun 1, 2024 · Waymo · Ojai
Details - Ojai at Dallas-Houston Corridor, Texas, USA[OPERATIONAL]
Dallas-Houston Corridor, Texas, USA · Jun 1, 2024 · Waymo · Ojai
Details - Ojai at North Austin, Texas, USA[OPERATIONAL]
North Austin, Texas, USA · Jun 1, 2024 · Waymo · Ojai
Details - Ojai at Phoenix[OPERATIONAL]
Phoenix · Jun 1, 2024 · Waymo · Ojai
Details
Hardware Platforms & Robot Models
[130 Indexed]- Driven-by-QCraft[COMMERCIAL][2020–2023]
QCraft's full-stack L4 autonomous driving software stack, covering perception, planning, and control for complex urban and highway scenarios.
QCraft · robotaxis · 3 deployments
View spec - Chengxing Platform[COMMERCIAL][2024–2026]
Intelligent driving system providing ADAS functions covering highway, urban, and parking scenarios.
Zhuoyu Technology · robotaxis · 2 deployments
View spec - Volvo EX90[COMMERCIAL][2024]
Volvo's all-electric flagship SUV (2024+); the first global production vehicle to standardize LiDAR (Luminar Iris, integrated into roofline).
Volvo Cars · robotaxis · 2 deployments
View spec - Carver21[COMMERCIAL][2024]
Carver21 was DeepScale's modular deep learning perception software for driver-assistance and autonomous vehicles.
DeepScale (Tesla) · robotaxis · 2 deployments
View spec - comma four[COMMERCIAL][2025]
Aftermarket ADAS hardware device that runs OpenPilot open-source driver assistance software.
Comma AI · robotaxis · 1 deployment
View spec - HPilot[COMMERCIAL][2021]
HPilot is Haomo.AI's L2 advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) for passenger vehicles, offered in three tiers (HP170, HP370, HP570) priced between RMB 3,000-8,900.
Haomo.AI · robotaxis · 1 deployment
View spec - PlusDrive[COMMERCIAL][2023]
PlusDrive is an AI-powered autonomous highway driving system for Class 8 semi-trucks, offering SAE Level 2+ ADAS and a scalable path to Level 4.
Plus · robotaxis · 1 deployment
View spec - Haima 7X-E[COMMERCIAL][2024]
The Haima 7X-E is Haima Automobile's first all-electric seven-seat MPV, launched in September 2022.
Haima Automobile · robotaxis · 1 deployment
View spec - AutoX RoboTaxi[COMMERCIAL][2020]
AutoX (founded in August 2016 by Jianxiong Xiao, known as Professor X, a former Princeton assistant professor; based in Shenzhen and California and backed by Alibaba and Dongfeng Motor Group) was an early Chinese robotaxi leader and the second company in the world to run a public fully-driverless robotaxi service, in Shenzhen in 2021, holding driverless permits across six cities and opening a San Francisco operations center in 2022.
AutoX · robotaxis · 1 deployment
View spec - Gatik Autonomous Drive[COMMERCIAL][2020]
Gatik Autonomous Drive is a Level 4 system for fixed B2B middle-mile logistics routes, operating box trucks and straight trucks.
Gatik · robotaxis · 1 deployment
View spec - EZ10[COMMERCIAL][2018]
Battery-powered autonomous electric shuttle seating up to 15 passengers, designed for defined routes in controlled environments such as campuses, waterfronts, and gated communities.
EasyMile · robotaxis · 1 deployment
View spec - Tesla Robotaxi (Model Y ADS)[PILOT][2024–2026]
Tesla's robotaxi service vehicle, a 2026 Model Y operating with Tesla's Autonomous Driving System (ADS, based on Full Self-Driving) engaged.
Tesla · robotaxis · 21 deployments
View spec - Nuro R3[PILOT][2024–2026]
Nuro's third-generation electric autonomous delivery vehicle, unveiled in January 2022 at CES.
Nuro · robotaxis · 13 deployments
View spec - Nuro Autonomous Prius[PILOT][2022–2024]
Nuro's first-generation autonomous vehicle: a retrofitted Toyota Prius used for early on-road testing and the December 2021 Mountain View supervised delivery pilot (7-Eleven; first autonomous delivery service in California).
Nuro · robotaxis · 6 deployments
View spec - Argo AI Self-Driving System[PILOT][2023]
Argo AI's Level 4 autonomous-driving stack, run primarily on the Ford Escape Hybrid in the US and the Volkswagen ID.
Argo AI · robotaxis · 5 deployments
View spec
Real-World Incidents & Failure Modes
[451 Logged]- NHTSA grants Zoox temporary exemption to commercially deploy up to 2,500 robotaxis annually[REGULATORY ACTION]
Jul 30, 2026 · Zoox · Zoox Robotaxi · Miami
Details - Zoox clears final federal hurdle, receives NHTSA exemption to launch paid robotaxi service[REGULATORY ACTION]
Jul 30, 2026 · Zoox · Zoox Robotaxi · Miami
Details - NHTSA grants Zoox first-ever commercial FMVSS exemption for purpose-built robotaxi[REGULATORY ACTION]
Jul 30, 2026 · Zoox · Zoox Robotaxi · Miami
Details - NHTSA launches $5M SAE ITC partnership to develop first-ever AV performance standards and updates AV technical guidance[REGULATORY ACTION]
Jul 30, 2026 · Zoox · Zoox Robotaxi · Miami
Details - NHTSA grants Zoox temporary commercial deployment exemption for up to 2,500 robotaxis annually for two years[REGULATORY ACTION]
Jul 30, 2026 · Zoox · Zoox Robotaxi · Miami
Details - Tesla in Autopilot mode strikes and kills motorcyclist ejected onto TX-130 in Travis County[FATALITY]
Jul 28, 2026 · Tesla · Tesla Robotaxi (Model Y ADS) · Orlando, Florida, USA
Details - Waymo racks up 83 parking citations totaling $9,325 in Austin since 2024 launch[REGULATORY ACTION]
Jul 28, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Portland, Oregon, USA
Details - Santa Monica judge issues preliminary injunction banning overnight operations at two Waymo Broadway recharging stations[REGULATORY ACTION]
Jul 28, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Portland, Oregon, USA
Details - Rep. Kevin Mullin proposes AV Emergency Response Coordination Act requiring national safety standards for autonomous vehicles[REGULATORY ACTION]
Jul 28, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - Waymo robotaxi struck by blue sedan that had just hit a pedestrian in Pico-Union, Los Angeles; two hospitalized, one critically injured[COLLISION]
Jul 26, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - Waymo robotaxi involved in two-vehicle collision in Los Angeles, multiple people hospitalized[COLLISION]
Jul 26, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - Waymo robotaxi involved in two-vehicle crash in LA's Pico-Union, one person critically injured[COLLISION]
Jul 25, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - Tesla robotaxi seen going wrong way down one-way street in Tampa one day after driverless service launch[TRAFFIC DISRUPTION]
Jul 22, 2026 · Tesla · Tesla Robotaxi (Model Y ADS) · Orlando, Florida, USA
Details - France blocks Tesla FSD Supervised approval over safety concerns[REGULATORY ACTION]
Jul 22, 2026 · Tesla · Tesla Robotaxi (Model Y ADS) · Orlando, Florida, USA
Details - Tesla Robotaxi remote operator crashed vehicle into tree stump in Houston[COLLISION]
Jul 20, 2026 · Tesla · Tesla Robotaxi (Model Y ADS) · Orlando, Florida, USA
Details
Active Manufacturers & Operators
[108 Tracked]- Waymo
[SUBSIDIARY] · 5 models · 72 deployments · Funding: $27.1B
Inspect - Tesla
[PUBLIC] · 4 models · 40 deployments
Inspect - Aurora Innovation
[PUBLIC] · 4 models · 34 deployments · Funding: $1.9B
Inspect - Zoox
[SUBSIDIARY] · 1 models · 30 deployments · Funding: $1.8B
Inspect - Nuro
[PRIVATE] · 3 models · 26 deployments · Funding: $2.3B
Inspect - Avride
[SUBSIDIARY] · 2 models · 23 deployments · Funding: $375M
Inspect - May Mobility
[PRIVATE] · 1 models · 15 deployments · Funding: $173M
Inspect - Pony AI
[PUBLIC] · 1 models · 14 deployments · Funding: $664M
Inspect - Gatik
[PRIVATE] · 2 models · 12 deployments · Funding: $85M
Inspect - Plus
[PRIVATE] · 2 models · 8 deployments · Funding: $740M
Inspect - Cruise
[SUBSIDIARY] · 2 models · 9 deployments · Funding: $6.2B
Inspect - Beep
[ACTIVE] · 1 models · 7 deployments · Funding: see investors →
Inspect - Baidu
[PUBLIC] · 2 models · 7 deployments · Funding: $1.5B
Inspect - EasyMile
[ACTIVE] · 2 models · 7 deployments · Funding: $55M
Inspect - Tier IV
[PUBLIC] · 1 models · 6 deployments · Funding: $373M
Inspect
Regulatory Policies & Safety Standards
[139 Filings]- ISO 26262: Functional Safety for Road Vehicles (2018 Edition)[in effect]
Global · safety standard
Inspect filing - ISO 3691-4 - Industrial trucks - Safety requirements - Part 4: Driverless industrial trucks (AMRs)[in effect]
Global · safety standard
Inspect filing - ISO/SAE 21448: Safety of the Intended Functionality (SOTIF)[in effect]
Global · safety standard
Inspect filing - ISO/TR 23482-1:2020 - Robotics - Application of ISO 13482 - Part 1: Safety-related test methods[in effect]
Global · safety standard
Inspect filing - ISO/TS 15066:2016 - Robots and robotic devices - Collaborative robots[in effect]
Global · safety standard
Inspect filing - Nebraska Autonomous Vehicle Deployment Law[in effect]
Global · standard
Inspect filing - North Dakota Vehicle Platooning Law (HB 1199, 2019)[in effect]
Global · standard
Inspect filing - Ras Al Khaimah AV Law No. 1 of 2026[in effect]
Global · standard
Inspect filing - Saudi Arabia TGA AV Regulatory Sandbox[in effect]
Global · permit
Inspect filing - Saudi Arabia Traffic Law Amendment for Autonomous Vehicles[in effect]
Global · standard
Inspect filing - UN WP.29: First Global Regulation for Fully Driverless Automated Driving Systems (June 2026)[in effect]
Global · safety standard
Inspect filing - UNECE R152: Advanced Emergency Braking System (AEBS) for M1/N1 Vehicles[in effect]
Global · safety standard
Inspect filing - UNECE R155: Vehicle Cybersecurity Management System Regulation[in effect]
Global · safety standard
Inspect filing - UNECE R156: Software Update and Software Update Management System (SUMS) Regulation[in effect]
Global · safety standard
Inspect filing - UNECE R157: Automated Lane Keeping Systems (ALKS) Regulation[in effect]
Global · safety standard
Inspect filing
AI Foundations & Model Brains
[12 Stacks]- Apollo ADFM (Baidu)[Verified Stack]
Powers: Apollo RT6
- Aurora Driver[Verified Stack]
Powers: Aurora Driver, Aurora Driver on International LT (2nd-gen), Aurora Driver on Peterbilt 579 (PACCAR), Volvo VNL Autonomous
- Avride ADS[Verified Stack]
Powers: Avride delivery robot, Avride Robotaxi (Hyundai Ioniq 5)
- Gatik Driver[Verified Stack]
Powers: Gatik Autonomous Box Truck, Gatik Autonomous Drive
- Mobileye Drive[Verified Stack]
Powers: Mobileye Drive, Volvo EX90, VW ID. Buzz AD
- Nuro Driver[Verified Stack]
Powers: Nuro Autonomous Prius, Nuro R2, Nuro R3
- Plus SuperDrive[Verified Stack]
Powers: PlusDrive, Plus SuperDrive Autonomous Truck
- PonyWorld (Pony.ai Virtual Driver)[Verified Stack]
Powers: Pony Gen-7 Robotaxi
- Tesla FSD-Bot[Verified Stack]
Powers: Cybercab, Tesla Optimus, Tesla Robotaxi (Model Y ADS), Semi
- VLT (XPENG VLA / VLA 2.0)[Verified Stack]
Powers: XPeng IRON, XPENG Robotaxi
- Waymo Driver[Verified Stack]
Powers: Waymo Driver (6th gen), Ojai, Waymo Via (autonomous trucking)
- WeRide One[Verified Stack]
Powers: Robotaxi GXR