Robotaxis
Autonomous passenger vehicle fleets, automated driving systems (ADS), driverless permits, and commercial ride-hailing operations.
Active Deployments
[380 Recorded]- Apollo RT6 at Abu Dhabi[OPERATIONAL]
Abu Dhabi · Jun 1, 2024 · Baidu · Apollo RT6
Details - Apollo RT6 at Dubai[OPERATIONAL]
Dubai · Mar 30, 2026 · Baidu · Apollo RT6
Details - Apollo RT6 at Chongqing[OPERATIONAL]
Chongqing · Aug 8, 2022 · Baidu · Apollo RT6
Details - Apollo RT6 at Shenzhen[OPERATIONAL]
Shenzhen · Jan 1, 2024 · Baidu · Apollo RT6
Details - Apollo RT6 at Beijing, China[OPERATIONAL]
Beijing, China · Dec 29, 2022 · Baidu · Apollo RT6
Details - Aurora at Fort Worth[OPERATIONAL]
Fort Worth · Jun 1, 2024 · Aurora Innovation · Aurora
Details - Aurora at Dallas-Houston Corridor, Texas, USA[OPERATIONAL]
Dallas-Houston Corridor, Texas, USA · Jun 1, 2024 · Aurora Innovation · Aurora
Details - Aurora Driver at Texas[OPERATIONAL]
Texas · Jun 1, 2024 · Aurora Innovation · Aurora Driver
Details - Aurora Driver at Texas[OPERATIONAL]
Texas · Jun 1, 2024 · Aurora Innovation · Aurora Driver
Details - Aurora Driver at Fort Worth-El Paso Corridor, Texas, USA[OPERATIONAL]
Fort Worth-El Paso Corridor, Texas, USA · May 1, 2024 · Aurora Innovation · Aurora Driver
Details - Aurora Driver at Dallas-Houston Corridor, Texas, USA[OPERATIONAL]
Dallas-Houston Corridor, Texas, USA · May 1, 2024 · Aurora Innovation · Aurora Driver
Details - Aurora Driver at Texas[OPERATIONAL]
Texas · Apr 11, 2025 · Aurora Innovation · Aurora Driver
Details - Autoware at Komatsu, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan[OPERATIONAL]
Komatsu, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan · Mar 1, 2024 · Tier IV · Autoware
Details - AutoX RoboTaxi at Shenzhen[OPERATIONAL]
Shenzhen · Dec 1, 2020 · AutoX · AutoX RoboTaxi
Details - Avride Robotaxi (Hyundai Ioniq 5) at Austin[OPERATIONAL]
Austin · Dec 1, 2025 · Avride · Avride Robotaxi (Hyundai Ioniq 5)
Details
Hardware Platforms & Robot Models
[130 Indexed]- Driven-by-QCraft[COMMERCIAL][2020–2023]
QCraft's full-stack L4 autonomous driving software stack, covering perception, planning, and control for complex urban and highway scenarios.
QCraft · robotaxis · 3 deployments
View spec - Chengxing Platform[COMMERCIAL][2024–2026]
Intelligent driving system providing ADAS functions covering highway, urban, and parking scenarios.
Zhuoyu Technology · robotaxis · 2 deployments
View spec - Volvo EX90[COMMERCIAL][2024]
Volvo's all-electric flagship SUV (2024+); the first global production vehicle to standardize LiDAR (Luminar Iris, integrated into roofline).
Volvo Cars · robotaxis · 2 deployments
View spec - Carver21[COMMERCIAL][2024]
Carver21 was DeepScale's modular deep learning perception software for driver-assistance and autonomous vehicles.
DeepScale (Tesla) · robotaxis · 2 deployments
View spec - comma four[COMMERCIAL][2025]
Aftermarket ADAS hardware device that runs OpenPilot open-source driver assistance software.
Comma AI · robotaxis · 1 deployment
View spec - HPilot[COMMERCIAL][2021]
HPilot is Haomo.AI's L2 advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) for passenger vehicles, offered in three tiers (HP170, HP370, HP570) priced between RMB 3,000-8,900.
Haomo.AI · robotaxis · 1 deployment
View spec - PlusDrive[COMMERCIAL][2023]
PlusDrive is an AI-powered autonomous highway driving system for Class 8 semi-trucks, offering SAE Level 2+ ADAS and a scalable path to Level 4.
Plus · robotaxis · 1 deployment
View spec - Haima 7X-E[COMMERCIAL][2024]
The Haima 7X-E is Haima Automobile's first all-electric seven-seat MPV, launched in September 2022.
Haima Automobile · robotaxis · 1 deployment
View spec - AutoX RoboTaxi[COMMERCIAL][2020]
AutoX (founded in August 2016 by Jianxiong Xiao, known as Professor X, a former Princeton assistant professor; based in Shenzhen and California and backed by Alibaba and Dongfeng Motor Group) was an early Chinese robotaxi leader and the second company in the world to run a public fully-driverless robotaxi service, in Shenzhen in 2021, holding driverless permits across six cities and opening a San Francisco operations center in 2022.
AutoX · robotaxis · 1 deployment
View spec - Gatik Autonomous Drive[COMMERCIAL][2020]
Gatik Autonomous Drive is a Level 4 system for fixed B2B middle-mile logistics routes, operating box trucks and straight trucks.
Gatik · robotaxis · 1 deployment
View spec - EZ10[COMMERCIAL][2018]
Battery-powered autonomous electric shuttle seating up to 15 passengers, designed for defined routes in controlled environments such as campuses, waterfronts, and gated communities.
EasyMile · robotaxis · 1 deployment
View spec - Tesla Robotaxi (Model Y ADS)[PILOT][2024–2026]
Tesla's robotaxi service vehicle, a 2026 Model Y operating with Tesla's Autonomous Driving System (ADS, based on Full Self-Driving) engaged.
Tesla · robotaxis · 21 deployments
View spec - Nuro R3[PILOT][2024–2026]
Nuro's third-generation electric autonomous delivery vehicle, unveiled in January 2022 at CES.
Nuro · robotaxis · 13 deployments
View spec - Nuro Autonomous Prius[PILOT][2022–2024]
Nuro's first-generation autonomous vehicle: a retrofitted Toyota Prius used for early on-road testing and the December 2021 Mountain View supervised delivery pilot (7-Eleven; first autonomous delivery service in California).
Nuro · robotaxis · 6 deployments
View spec - Argo AI Self-Driving System[PILOT][2023]
Argo AI's Level 4 autonomous-driving stack, run primarily on the Ford Escape Hybrid in the US and the Volkswagen ID.
Argo AI · robotaxis · 5 deployments
View spec
Real-World Incidents & Failure Modes
[451 Logged]- Zoox recalls 105 robotaxis after vehicle drove into heavy smoke at active fire scene in Las Vegas[RECALL]
Jun 20, 2026 · Zoox · Zoox Robotaxi · Miami
Details - Zoox recalls all 105 robotaxis (NHTSA 26E044) after robotaxi drove into heavy smoke at an active fire scene[RECALL]
Jun 20, 2026 · Zoox · Zoox Robotaxi · Miami
Details - Zoox issues software recall after robotaxi entered smoke-filled emergency fire scene[RECALL]
Jun 20, 2026 · Zoox · Zoox Robotaxi · Miami
Details - Waymo recalls nearly 3,900 robotaxis over risk of entering closed freeway construction zones[RECALL]
Jun 18, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - Waymo recalls 3,871 robotaxis over software glitch risking entry into closed freeway construction zones[RECALL]
Jun 18, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - Waymo recalls ~3900 robotaxis over risk of entering closed freeway construction zones[RECALL]
Jun 18, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - Waymo recalls nearly 3,900 robotaxis over risk of entering closed freeway construction zones[RECALL]
Jun 18, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - Waymo voluntarily recalled 3,871 robotaxis after vehicles drove into closed freeway construction zones[RECALL]
Jun 18, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - Waymo recalls 3,871 robotaxis over software causing vehicles to enter closed freeway construction zones[RECALL]
Jun 18, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - Waymo recalls 3,871 5th-gen ADS vehicles over freeway construction zone detection failure[RECALL]
Jun 17, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Portland, Oregon, USA
Details - Waymo recalls 3,871 robotaxis (NHTSA 26E035) after vehicles drove into closed freeway construction zones at speed[RECALL]
Jun 17, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - Waymo recalls 3,871 vehicles over freeway construction zone entry failures (NHTSA 26E035)[RECALL]
Jun 17, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - Waymo recalls 672 robotaxis after collision with telephone pole in Phoenix[RECALL]
Jun 15, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - Zoox robotaxi involved in minor crash on Las Vegas Boulevard and Harmon Avenue, vehicle towed[COLLISION]
Jun 15, 2026 · Zoox · Zoox Robotaxi · Miami
Details - Waymo recalls 3,871 ADS vehicles (NHTSA 26E-035) over entering freeway construction zones[RECALL]
Jun 13, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details
Active Manufacturers & Operators
[108 Tracked]- Waymo
[SUBSIDIARY] · 5 models · 72 deployments · Funding: $27.1B
Inspect - Tesla
[PUBLIC] · 4 models · 40 deployments
Inspect - Aurora Innovation
[PUBLIC] · 4 models · 34 deployments · Funding: $1.9B
Inspect - Zoox
[SUBSIDIARY] · 1 models · 30 deployments · Funding: $1.8B
Inspect - Nuro
[PRIVATE] · 3 models · 26 deployments · Funding: $2.3B
Inspect - Avride
[SUBSIDIARY] · 2 models · 23 deployments · Funding: $375M
Inspect - May Mobility
[PRIVATE] · 1 models · 15 deployments · Funding: $173M
Inspect - Pony AI
[PUBLIC] · 1 models · 14 deployments · Funding: $664M
Inspect - Gatik
[PRIVATE] · 2 models · 12 deployments · Funding: $85M
Inspect - Plus
[PRIVATE] · 2 models · 8 deployments · Funding: $740M
Inspect - Cruise
[SUBSIDIARY] · 2 models · 9 deployments · Funding: $6.2B
Inspect - Beep
[ACTIVE] · 1 models · 7 deployments · Funding: see investors →
Inspect - Baidu
[PUBLIC] · 2 models · 7 deployments · Funding: $1.5B
Inspect - EasyMile
[ACTIVE] · 2 models · 7 deployments · Funding: $55M
Inspect - Tier IV
[PUBLIC] · 1 models · 6 deployments · Funding: $373M
Inspect
Regulatory Policies & Safety Standards
[139 Filings]- US Federal AV Liability Legislative Gap[proposed]
United States · standard
Inspect filing - Arizona Autonomous Vehicle Deployment Law (No Driver Required)[in effect]
Arizona · standard
Inspect filing - Arizona autonomous vehicle law (ARS Title 28 Ch. 9; EO 2018-04 / HB 2813)[in effect]
Arizona · other
Inspect filing - Arkansas autonomous vehicle law (Act 468 of 2019; Ark. Code 27-51-2001 et seq.)[in effect]
Arkansas · other
Inspect filing - Cal. Veh. Code § 38750: Autonomous Vehicles[in effect]
California · safety standard
Inspect filing - California AB 1777 requires driverless vehicles to support first responder communication and emergency geofencing[in effect]
California · operational restriction
Inspect filing - California Authorizes Police to Issue Traffic Citations to Autonomous Vehicle Companies[in effect]
California · operational restriction
Inspect filing - California DMV Authorizes Autonomous Heavy-Duty Trucks (April 2026 Regulation Update)[in effect]
California · permit
Inspect filing - California SB 66 - AV Insurance and Liability Framework[in effect]
California · standard
Inspect filing - California autonomous vehicle regulations (DMV 13 CCR; CPUC passenger service)[in effect]
California · other
Inspect filing - 13 Cal. Code Regs. § 227.02: Definitions[in effect]
California · other
Inspect filing - 13 Cal. Code Regs. § 227.04: Requirements for a Manufacturer's Testing Permit[in effect]
California · permit
Inspect filing - 13 Cal. Code Regs. § 227.26: Vehicles Excluded from Testing and Deployment[in effect]
California · operational restriction
Inspect filing - 13 Cal. Code Regs. § 227.42: Driverless Testing Permit Application Requirements[in effect]
California · permit
Inspect filing - 13 Cal. Code Regs. § 227.54: Reporting Collisions[in effect]
California · safety standard
Inspect filing
AI Foundations & Model Brains
[12 Stacks]- Apollo ADFM (Baidu)[Verified Stack]
Powers: Apollo RT6
- Aurora Driver[Verified Stack]
Powers: Aurora Driver, Aurora Driver on International LT (2nd-gen), Aurora Driver on Peterbilt 579 (PACCAR), Volvo VNL Autonomous
- Avride ADS[Verified Stack]
Powers: Avride delivery robot, Avride Robotaxi (Hyundai Ioniq 5)
- Gatik Driver[Verified Stack]
Powers: Gatik Autonomous Box Truck, Gatik Autonomous Drive
- Mobileye Drive[Verified Stack]
Powers: Mobileye Drive, Volvo EX90, VW ID. Buzz AD
- Nuro Driver[Verified Stack]
Powers: Nuro Autonomous Prius, Nuro R2, Nuro R3
- Plus SuperDrive[Verified Stack]
Powers: PlusDrive, Plus SuperDrive Autonomous Truck
- PonyWorld (Pony.ai Virtual Driver)[Verified Stack]
Powers: Pony Gen-7 Robotaxi
- Tesla FSD-Bot[Verified Stack]
Powers: Cybercab, Tesla Optimus, Tesla Robotaxi (Model Y ADS), Semi
- VLT (XPENG VLA / VLA 2.0)[Verified Stack]
Powers: XPeng IRON, XPENG Robotaxi
- Waymo Driver[Verified Stack]
Powers: Waymo Driver (6th gen), Ojai, Waymo Via (autonomous trucking)
- WeRide One[Verified Stack]
Powers: Robotaxi GXR