Robotaxis
Autonomous passenger vehicle fleets, automated driving systems (ADS), driverless permits, and commercial ride-hailing operations.
Active Deployments
[380 Recorded]- Apollo RT6 at Abu Dhabi[OPERATIONAL]
Abu Dhabi · Jun 1, 2024 · Baidu · Apollo RT6
Details - Apollo RT6 at Dubai[OPERATIONAL]
Dubai · Mar 30, 2026 · Baidu · Apollo RT6
Details - Apollo RT6 at Chongqing[OPERATIONAL]
Chongqing · Aug 8, 2022 · Baidu · Apollo RT6
Details - Apollo RT6 at Shenzhen[OPERATIONAL]
Shenzhen · Jan 1, 2024 · Baidu · Apollo RT6
Details - Apollo RT6 at Beijing, China[OPERATIONAL]
Beijing, China · Dec 29, 2022 · Baidu · Apollo RT6
Details - Aurora at Fort Worth[OPERATIONAL]
Fort Worth · Jun 1, 2024 · Aurora Innovation · Aurora
Details - Aurora at Dallas-Houston Corridor, Texas, USA[OPERATIONAL]
Dallas-Houston Corridor, Texas, USA · Jun 1, 2024 · Aurora Innovation · Aurora
Details - Aurora Driver at Texas[OPERATIONAL]
Texas · Jun 1, 2024 · Aurora Innovation · Aurora Driver
Details - Aurora Driver at Texas[OPERATIONAL]
Texas · Jun 1, 2024 · Aurora Innovation · Aurora Driver
Details - Aurora Driver at Fort Worth-El Paso Corridor, Texas, USA[OPERATIONAL]
Fort Worth-El Paso Corridor, Texas, USA · May 1, 2024 · Aurora Innovation · Aurora Driver
Details - Aurora Driver at Dallas-Houston Corridor, Texas, USA[OPERATIONAL]
Dallas-Houston Corridor, Texas, USA · May 1, 2024 · Aurora Innovation · Aurora Driver
Details - Aurora Driver at Texas[OPERATIONAL]
Texas · Apr 11, 2025 · Aurora Innovation · Aurora Driver
Details - Autoware at Komatsu, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan[OPERATIONAL]
Komatsu, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan · Mar 1, 2024 · Tier IV · Autoware
Details - AutoX RoboTaxi at Shenzhen[OPERATIONAL]
Shenzhen · Dec 1, 2020 · AutoX · AutoX RoboTaxi
Details - Avride Robotaxi (Hyundai Ioniq 5) at Austin[OPERATIONAL]
Austin · Dec 1, 2025 · Avride · Avride Robotaxi (Hyundai Ioniq 5)
Details
Hardware Platforms & Robot Models
[130 Indexed]- Cybercab[RESEARCH][2026]
The Tesla Cybercab is a purpose-built two-seat autonomous robotaxi vehicle that Tesla unveiled on October 10 2024 at its 'We, Robot' event.
Tesla · robotaxis · 6 deployments
View spec - Clevon 1[RESEARCH][2022]
The Clevon 1 is an all-electric Level 4 autonomous delivery vehicle designed for last-mile goods transport, capable of carrying payloads up to 100 kilograms at a top speed of 29 kilometers per hour with a range of approximately 70 kilometers per charge.
Clevon · robotaxis · 0 deployments
View spec - CAR Lab AV Research Platform[RESEARCH]
The Connected and Autonomous Driving Laboratory (CAR Lab) at Wayne State University develops edge computing solutions for connected and autonomous vehicles.
Wayne State University · robotaxis · 0 deployments
View spec - HOLON mover[RESEARCH]
The HOLON mover is an all-electric, accessible Level 4 autonomous shuttle from Benteler's Holon brand, driven by Mobileye Drive, with a top speed near 60 km/h and roughly 290 km range, designed for urban ride-pooling, ride-hailing, and scheduled service.
Holon · robotaxis · 0 deployments
View spec - XPENG Robotaxi[RESEARCH][2025–2026]
XPENG's robotaxi line comprises three models announced at XPENG AI Day on November 5, 2025, powered by the same VLA 2.0 vision-centric model that drives XPENG's IRON humanoid and ADAS systems.
XPeng Robotics · robotaxis · 0 deployments
View spec - SafeAI Autonomous Retrofit[RESEARCH]
SafeAI's OEM-agnostic autonomy system retrofits existing mining and construction vehicles (any function or manufacturer) with a sensor suite and self-driving software; it has retrofitted vehicles such as the Caterpillar 725 and supports zero-emission powertrain conversions.
SafeAI · robotaxis · 0 deployments
View spec - Autonom Shuttle Evo[RESEARCH]
Navya's Autonom Shuttle Evo (EVO3) is an all-electric, bidirectional autonomous passenger shuttle for cities and private sites, operating operator-free at SAE Level 4 on defined low-speed routes (up to ~25 km/h), driven by Navya Drive with LiDAR, cameras, radar, GPS, IMU, and odometry.
Navya · robotaxis · 0 deployments
View spec - Ohmio LIFT[RESEARCH]
Ohmio's LIFT is an electric autonomous shuttle for low-speed passenger transport on campuses, airports, and urban routes; Ohmio's guidance system lets operators implement and change routes easily for flexible deployment.
Ohmio · robotaxis · 0 deployments
View spec - Waymo Jaguar I-PACE robotaxi fleet[Production][2026]
Waymo's all-electric Jaguar I-PACE vehicles, the platform Waymo named for its Singapore launch.
Waymo · robotaxis · 1 deployment
View spec - Autobrains Agentic AI[PROTOTYPE]
OEM-agnostic autonomous driving platform using agentic AI to decompose driving into specialized decision agents.
Autobrains Technologies · robotaxis · 0 deployments
View spec - Waymo Via (autonomous trucking)[PRODUCTION][2022–2025]
Waymo's autonomous-trucking program (Waymo Via), which applied the Waymo Driver to Class 8 trucks and ran supervised freight pilots with UPS, J.B.
Waymo · food-service · 1 deployment
View spec - Tesla Optimus[RESEARCH][2024–2026]
Tesla Optimus (Tesla Bot) is a general-purpose humanoid robot developed by Tesla, announced as a concept at AI Day in August 2021 and shown as working prototypes at AI Day in September 2022.
Tesla · humanoids · 6 deployments
View spec - Semi[PRODUCTION][2022–2026]
The Tesla Semi is a Class 8 battery-electric heavy-duty truck (325-mile and 500-mile range variants), unveiled in November 2017 with first deliveries to PepsiCo on December 1 2022.
Tesla · trucks · 7 deployments
View spec - Aurora Driver on International LT (2nd-gen)[PRODUCTION][2025–2026]
Aurora's second-generation driverless hardware kit on the International LT (Navistar) platform, the basis for fully observer-free operation targeted for Q2 2026 (produced via Roush).
Aurora Innovation · food-service · 9 deployments
View spec - Aurora Driver on Peterbilt 579 (PACCAR)[PRODUCTION][2022–2026]
Aurora's current driverless commercial freight fleet: the Aurora Driver (L4) integrated on PACCAR trucks (Peterbilt 579 and Kenworth T680).
Aurora Innovation · food-service · 5 deployments
View spec
Real-World Incidents & Failure Modes
[451 Logged]- Waymo recalls 3800 robotaxis after vehicle drove into flooded roadway[RECALL]
May 12, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - Waymo recalls ~3800 robotaxis over risk of entering flooded roads[RECALL]
May 12, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - Waymo recalls approximately 3,800 robotaxis over risk of driving into flooded roads[RECALL]
May 12, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - NHTSA opens investigation into Avride after 16 crashes in Dallas and Austin[REGULATORY ACTION]
May 8, 2026 · Avride · Avride Robotaxi (Hyundai Ioniq 5) · Austin
Details - Waymo recalls 3,791 5th/6th-gen ADS vehicles over flooded roadway detection failure[RECALL]
May 6, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Portland, Oregon, USA
Details - Waymo recalls 3,791 ADS-equipped vehicles over flooded roadway detection failure (NHTSA 26E026)[RECALL]
May 6, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - NHTSA opened an investigation into Avride after 16 robotaxi crashes in Dallas and Austin[REGULATORY ACTION]
May 6, 2026 · Avride · Avride delivery robot · Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
Details - ADS crash report in San Francisco, CA involving a JAGUAR I-PACE (NHTSA SGO 30270-15096)[COLLISION]
May 1, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - ADS crash report in Atlanta, GA involving a JAGUAR I-PACE (NHTSA SGO 30270-15073)[COLLISION]
May 1, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - ADS crash report in Los Angeles, CA involving a JAGUAR I-PACE (NHTSA SGO 30270-15011)[COLLISION]
May 1, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - ADS crash report in Inglewood, CA involving a JAGUAR I-PACE (NHTSA SGO 30270-15246)[COLLISION]
May 1, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - ADS crash report in San Francisco, CA involving a JAGUAR I-PACE (NHTSA SGO 30270-15160)[COLLISION]
May 1, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - ADS crash report in Atlanta, GA involving a JAGUAR I-PACE (NHTSA SGO 30270-15067)[COLLISION]
May 1, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - ADS crash report in Culver City, CA involving a JAGUAR I-PACE (NHTSA SGO 30270-15102)[COLLISION]
May 1, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - ADS crash report in Phoenix, AZ involving a JAGUAR I-PACE (NHTSA SGO 30270-15253)[COLLISION]
May 1, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details
Active Manufacturers & Operators
[108 Tracked]- Waymo
[SUBSIDIARY] · 5 models · 72 deployments · Funding: $27.1B
Inspect - Tesla
[PUBLIC] · 4 models · 40 deployments
Inspect - Aurora Innovation
[PUBLIC] · 4 models · 34 deployments · Funding: $1.9B
Inspect - Zoox
[SUBSIDIARY] · 1 models · 30 deployments · Funding: $1.8B
Inspect - Nuro
[PRIVATE] · 3 models · 26 deployments · Funding: $2.3B
Inspect - Avride
[SUBSIDIARY] · 2 models · 23 deployments · Funding: $375M
Inspect - May Mobility
[PRIVATE] · 1 models · 15 deployments · Funding: $173M
Inspect - Pony AI
[PUBLIC] · 1 models · 14 deployments · Funding: $664M
Inspect - Gatik
[PRIVATE] · 2 models · 12 deployments · Funding: $85M
Inspect - Plus
[PRIVATE] · 2 models · 8 deployments · Funding: $740M
Inspect - Cruise
[SUBSIDIARY] · 2 models · 9 deployments · Funding: $6.2B
Inspect - Beep
[ACTIVE] · 1 models · 7 deployments · Funding: see investors →
Inspect - Baidu
[PUBLIC] · 2 models · 7 deployments · Funding: $1.5B
Inspect - EasyMile
[ACTIVE] · 2 models · 7 deployments · Funding: $55M
Inspect - Tier IV
[PUBLIC] · 1 models · 6 deployments · Funding: $373M
Inspect
Regulatory Policies & Safety Standards
[139 Filings]- Washington DC autonomous vehicle law (D.C. Code 50-2351 et seq.)[in effect]
Washington, D.C. · other
Inspect filing - EU AI Act Annex III - High-Risk AI Systems List[in effect]
European Union · standard
Inspect filing - EU AI Act Annex III High-Risk Compliance Deadline Extended to December 2, 2027[proposed]
European Union · data protection
Inspect filing - EU AI Act Article 99 - Penalties and Fines[in effect]
European Union · standard
Inspect filing - EU AI Act Prohibited AI Practices (Effective February 2, 2025)[in effect]
European Union · data protection
Inspect filing - EU AI Act Transparency Rules: Marking and Detection Requirements (December 2, 2026)[proposed]
European Union · data protection
Inspect filing - EU AI Act: High-Risk AI System Obligations Enter Into Force (August 2, 2026)[in effect]
European Union · data protection
Inspect filing - EU Artificial Intelligence Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689)[in effect]
European Union · other
Inspect filing - EU GDPR Article 22: Automated Individual Decision-Making Including AI Profiling[in effect]
European Union · data protection
Inspect filing - Switzerland Automated Driving Ordinance (VAF, SR 2025/50)[in effect]
Switzerland · other
Inspect filing - UK Automated Vehicles Act 2024 (c. 10)[in effect]
United Kingdom · other
Inspect filing - UK Automated Vehicles Act 2024: Secondary Legislation Implementation (2026)[in effect]
United Kingdom · safety standard
Inspect filing - UK Self-Driving Liability and Licensing Regime[in effect]
United Kingdom · standard
Inspect filing - China Mandates Safety Standards for Level 3/4 Autonomous Vehicles (Effective July 2027)[proposed]
China · safety standard
Inspect filing - China MIIT Tightens Autonomous Driving Feature Regulations — Bans Misleading Labels[in effect]
China · operational restriction
Inspect filing
AI Foundations & Model Brains
[12 Stacks]- Apollo ADFM (Baidu)[Verified Stack]
Powers: Apollo RT6
- Aurora Driver[Verified Stack]
Powers: Aurora Driver, Aurora Driver on International LT (2nd-gen), Aurora Driver on Peterbilt 579 (PACCAR), Volvo VNL Autonomous
- Avride ADS[Verified Stack]
Powers: Avride delivery robot, Avride Robotaxi (Hyundai Ioniq 5)
- Gatik Driver[Verified Stack]
Powers: Gatik Autonomous Box Truck, Gatik Autonomous Drive
- Mobileye Drive[Verified Stack]
Powers: Mobileye Drive, Volvo EX90, VW ID. Buzz AD
- Nuro Driver[Verified Stack]
Powers: Nuro Autonomous Prius, Nuro R2, Nuro R3
- Plus SuperDrive[Verified Stack]
Powers: PlusDrive, Plus SuperDrive Autonomous Truck
- PonyWorld (Pony.ai Virtual Driver)[Verified Stack]
Powers: Pony Gen-7 Robotaxi
- Tesla FSD-Bot[Verified Stack]
Powers: Cybercab, Tesla Optimus, Tesla Robotaxi (Model Y ADS), Semi
- VLT (XPENG VLA / VLA 2.0)[Verified Stack]
Powers: XPeng IRON, XPENG Robotaxi
- Waymo Driver[Verified Stack]
Powers: Waymo Driver (6th gen), Ojai, Waymo Via (autonomous trucking)
- WeRide One[Verified Stack]
Powers: Robotaxi GXR