Robotaxis
Autonomous passenger vehicle fleets, automated driving systems (ADS), driverless permits, and commercial ride-hailing operations.
Active Deployments
[380 Recorded]- Volvo EX90 at Germany, Europe[OPERATIONAL]
Germany, Europe · Jun 1, 2024 · Volvo Cars · Volvo EX90
Details - Waymo Driver (6th gen) at Arizona[OPERATIONAL]
Arizona · Jun 1, 2024 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen)
Details - Waymo Driver (6th gen) at U.S. National Fleet[OPERATIONAL]
U.S. National Fleet · Jul 1, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen)
Details - Waymo Driver (6th gen) at Las Vegas, Nevada, USA[OPERATIONAL]
Las Vegas, Nevada, USA · Oct 1, 2023 · Moove · Waymo Driver (6th gen)
Details - Waymo Driver (6th gen) at Las Vegas[OPERATIONAL]
Las Vegas · Jun 1, 2024 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen)
Details - Waymo Driver (6th gen) at Nashville[OPERATIONAL]
Nashville · Apr 7, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen)
Details - Waymo Driver (6th gen) at Houston[OPERATIONAL]
Houston · Feb 24, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen)
Details - Waymo Driver (6th gen) at Dallas[OPERATIONAL]
Dallas · Feb 24, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen)
Details - Waymo Driver (6th gen) at Orlando[OPERATIONAL]
Orlando · Feb 1, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen)
Details - Waymo Driver (6th gen) at Austin[OPERATIONAL]
Austin · Mar 1, 2025 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen)
Details - Waymo Driver (6th gen) at Miami[OPERATIONAL]
Miami · Jan 22, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen)
Details - Waymo Driver (6th gen) at Atlanta[OPERATIONAL]
Atlanta · Jun 1, 2025 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen)
Details - Waymo Driver (6th gen) at Los Angeles[OPERATIONAL]
Los Angeles · Mar 1, 2024 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen)
Details - Waymo Driver (6th gen) at San Francisco[OPERATIONAL]
San Francisco · Jan 1, 2024 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen)
Details - Waymo Driver (6th gen) at Phoenix[OPERATIONAL]
Phoenix · Oct 1, 2020 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen)
Details
Hardware Platforms & Robot Models
[130 Indexed]- Cybercab[RESEARCH][2026]
The Tesla Cybercab is a purpose-built two-seat autonomous robotaxi vehicle that Tesla unveiled on October 10 2024 at its 'We, Robot' event.
Tesla · robotaxis · 6 deployments
View spec - Clevon 1[RESEARCH][2022]
The Clevon 1 is an all-electric Level 4 autonomous delivery vehicle designed for last-mile goods transport, capable of carrying payloads up to 100 kilograms at a top speed of 29 kilometers per hour with a range of approximately 70 kilometers per charge.
Clevon · robotaxis · 0 deployments
View spec - CAR Lab AV Research Platform[RESEARCH]
The Connected and Autonomous Driving Laboratory (CAR Lab) at Wayne State University develops edge computing solutions for connected and autonomous vehicles.
Wayne State University · robotaxis · 0 deployments
View spec - HOLON mover[RESEARCH]
The HOLON mover is an all-electric, accessible Level 4 autonomous shuttle from Benteler's Holon brand, driven by Mobileye Drive, with a top speed near 60 km/h and roughly 290 km range, designed for urban ride-pooling, ride-hailing, and scheduled service.
Holon · robotaxis · 0 deployments
View spec - XPENG Robotaxi[RESEARCH][2025–2026]
XPENG's robotaxi line comprises three models announced at XPENG AI Day on November 5, 2025, powered by the same VLA 2.0 vision-centric model that drives XPENG's IRON humanoid and ADAS systems.
XPeng Robotics · robotaxis · 0 deployments
View spec - SafeAI Autonomous Retrofit[RESEARCH]
SafeAI's OEM-agnostic autonomy system retrofits existing mining and construction vehicles (any function or manufacturer) with a sensor suite and self-driving software; it has retrofitted vehicles such as the Caterpillar 725 and supports zero-emission powertrain conversions.
SafeAI · robotaxis · 0 deployments
View spec - Autonom Shuttle Evo[RESEARCH]
Navya's Autonom Shuttle Evo (EVO3) is an all-electric, bidirectional autonomous passenger shuttle for cities and private sites, operating operator-free at SAE Level 4 on defined low-speed routes (up to ~25 km/h), driven by Navya Drive with LiDAR, cameras, radar, GPS, IMU, and odometry.
Navya · robotaxis · 0 deployments
View spec - Ohmio LIFT[RESEARCH]
Ohmio's LIFT is an electric autonomous shuttle for low-speed passenger transport on campuses, airports, and urban routes; Ohmio's guidance system lets operators implement and change routes easily for flexible deployment.
Ohmio · robotaxis · 0 deployments
View spec - Waymo Jaguar I-PACE robotaxi fleet[Production][2026]
Waymo's all-electric Jaguar I-PACE vehicles, the platform Waymo named for its Singapore launch.
Waymo · robotaxis · 1 deployment
View spec - Autobrains Agentic AI[PROTOTYPE]
OEM-agnostic autonomous driving platform using agentic AI to decompose driving into specialized decision agents.
Autobrains Technologies · robotaxis · 0 deployments
View spec - Waymo Via (autonomous trucking)[PRODUCTION][2022–2025]
Waymo's autonomous-trucking program (Waymo Via), which applied the Waymo Driver to Class 8 trucks and ran supervised freight pilots with UPS, J.B.
Waymo · food-service · 1 deployment
View spec - Tesla Optimus[RESEARCH][2024–2026]
Tesla Optimus (Tesla Bot) is a general-purpose humanoid robot developed by Tesla, announced as a concept at AI Day in August 2021 and shown as working prototypes at AI Day in September 2022.
Tesla · humanoids · 6 deployments
View spec - Semi[PRODUCTION][2022–2026]
The Tesla Semi is a Class 8 battery-electric heavy-duty truck (325-mile and 500-mile range variants), unveiled in November 2017 with first deliveries to PepsiCo on December 1 2022.
Tesla · trucks · 7 deployments
View spec - Aurora Driver on International LT (2nd-gen)[PRODUCTION][2025–2026]
Aurora's second-generation driverless hardware kit on the International LT (Navistar) platform, the basis for fully observer-free operation targeted for Q2 2026 (produced via Roush).
Aurora Innovation · food-service · 9 deployments
View spec - Aurora Driver on Peterbilt 579 (PACCAR)[PRODUCTION][2022–2026]
Aurora's current driverless commercial freight fleet: the Aurora Driver (L4) integrated on PACCAR trucks (Peterbilt 579 and Kenworth T680).
Aurora Innovation · food-service · 5 deployments
View spec
Real-World Incidents & Failure Modes
[451 Logged]- NHTSA grants Zoox temporary exemption to commercially deploy up to 2,500 robotaxis annually[REGULATORY ACTION]
Jul 30, 2026 · Zoox · Zoox Robotaxi · Miami
Details - Zoox clears final federal hurdle, receives NHTSA exemption to launch paid robotaxi service[REGULATORY ACTION]
Jul 30, 2026 · Zoox · Zoox Robotaxi · Miami
Details - NHTSA grants Zoox first-ever commercial FMVSS exemption for purpose-built robotaxi[REGULATORY ACTION]
Jul 30, 2026 · Zoox · Zoox Robotaxi · Miami
Details - NHTSA launches $5M SAE ITC partnership to develop first-ever AV performance standards and updates AV technical guidance[REGULATORY ACTION]
Jul 30, 2026 · Zoox · Zoox Robotaxi · Miami
Details - NHTSA grants Zoox temporary commercial deployment exemption for up to 2,500 robotaxis annually for two years[REGULATORY ACTION]
Jul 30, 2026 · Zoox · Zoox Robotaxi · Miami
Details - Tesla in Autopilot mode strikes and kills motorcyclist ejected onto TX-130 in Travis County[FATALITY]
Jul 28, 2026 · Tesla · Tesla Robotaxi (Model Y ADS) · Orlando, Florida, USA
Details - Waymo racks up 83 parking citations totaling $9,325 in Austin since 2024 launch[REGULATORY ACTION]
Jul 28, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Portland, Oregon, USA
Details - Santa Monica judge issues preliminary injunction banning overnight operations at two Waymo Broadway recharging stations[REGULATORY ACTION]
Jul 28, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Portland, Oregon, USA
Details - Rep. Kevin Mullin proposes AV Emergency Response Coordination Act requiring national safety standards for autonomous vehicles[REGULATORY ACTION]
Jul 28, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - Waymo robotaxi struck by blue sedan that had just hit a pedestrian in Pico-Union, Los Angeles; two hospitalized, one critically injured[COLLISION]
Jul 26, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - Waymo robotaxi involved in two-vehicle collision in Los Angeles, multiple people hospitalized[COLLISION]
Jul 26, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - Waymo robotaxi involved in two-vehicle crash in LA's Pico-Union, one person critically injured[COLLISION]
Jul 25, 2026 · Waymo · Waymo Driver (6th gen) · Sacramento, California, USA
Details - Tesla robotaxi seen going wrong way down one-way street in Tampa one day after driverless service launch[TRAFFIC DISRUPTION]
Jul 22, 2026 · Tesla · Tesla Robotaxi (Model Y ADS) · Orlando, Florida, USA
Details - France blocks Tesla FSD Supervised approval over safety concerns[REGULATORY ACTION]
Jul 22, 2026 · Tesla · Tesla Robotaxi (Model Y ADS) · Orlando, Florida, USA
Details - Tesla Robotaxi remote operator crashed vehicle into tree stump in Houston[COLLISION]
Jul 20, 2026 · Tesla · Tesla Robotaxi (Model Y ADS) · Orlando, Florida, USA
Details
Active Manufacturers & Operators
[108 Tracked]- Waymo
[SUBSIDIARY] · 5 models · 72 deployments · Funding: $27.1B
Inspect - Tesla
[PUBLIC] · 4 models · 40 deployments
Inspect - Aurora Innovation
[PUBLIC] · 4 models · 34 deployments · Funding: $1.9B
Inspect - Zoox
[SUBSIDIARY] · 1 models · 30 deployments · Funding: $1.8B
Inspect - Nuro
[PRIVATE] · 3 models · 26 deployments · Funding: $2.3B
Inspect - Avride
[SUBSIDIARY] · 2 models · 23 deployments · Funding: $375M
Inspect - May Mobility
[PRIVATE] · 1 models · 15 deployments · Funding: $173M
Inspect - Pony AI
[PUBLIC] · 1 models · 14 deployments · Funding: $664M
Inspect - Gatik
[PRIVATE] · 2 models · 12 deployments · Funding: $85M
Inspect - Plus
[PRIVATE] · 2 models · 8 deployments · Funding: $740M
Inspect - Cruise
[SUBSIDIARY] · 2 models · 9 deployments · Funding: $6.2B
Inspect - Beep
[ACTIVE] · 1 models · 7 deployments · Funding: see investors →
Inspect - Baidu
[PUBLIC] · 2 models · 7 deployments · Funding: $1.5B
Inspect - EasyMile
[ACTIVE] · 2 models · 7 deployments · Funding: $55M
Inspect - Tier IV
[PUBLIC] · 1 models · 6 deployments · Funding: $373M
Inspect
Regulatory Policies & Safety Standards
[139 Filings]- US Federal AV Liability Legislative Gap[proposed]
United States · standard
Inspect filing - Arizona Autonomous Vehicle Deployment Law (No Driver Required)[in effect]
Arizona · standard
Inspect filing - Arizona autonomous vehicle law (ARS Title 28 Ch. 9; EO 2018-04 / HB 2813)[in effect]
Arizona · other
Inspect filing - Arkansas autonomous vehicle law (Act 468 of 2019; Ark. Code 27-51-2001 et seq.)[in effect]
Arkansas · other
Inspect filing - Cal. Veh. Code § 38750: Autonomous Vehicles[in effect]
California · safety standard
Inspect filing - California AB 1777 requires driverless vehicles to support first responder communication and emergency geofencing[in effect]
California · operational restriction
Inspect filing - California Authorizes Police to Issue Traffic Citations to Autonomous Vehicle Companies[in effect]
California · operational restriction
Inspect filing - California DMV Authorizes Autonomous Heavy-Duty Trucks (April 2026 Regulation Update)[in effect]
California · permit
Inspect filing - California SB 66 - AV Insurance and Liability Framework[in effect]
California · standard
Inspect filing - California autonomous vehicle regulations (DMV 13 CCR; CPUC passenger service)[in effect]
California · other
Inspect filing - 13 Cal. Code Regs. § 227.02: Definitions[in effect]
California · other
Inspect filing - 13 Cal. Code Regs. § 227.04: Requirements for a Manufacturer's Testing Permit[in effect]
California · permit
Inspect filing - 13 Cal. Code Regs. § 227.26: Vehicles Excluded from Testing and Deployment[in effect]
California · operational restriction
Inspect filing - 13 Cal. Code Regs. § 227.42: Driverless Testing Permit Application Requirements[in effect]
California · permit
Inspect filing - 13 Cal. Code Regs. § 227.54: Reporting Collisions[in effect]
California · safety standard
Inspect filing
AI Foundations & Model Brains
[12 Stacks]- Apollo ADFM (Baidu)[Verified Stack]
Powers: Apollo RT6
- Aurora Driver[Verified Stack]
Powers: Aurora Driver, Aurora Driver on International LT (2nd-gen), Aurora Driver on Peterbilt 579 (PACCAR), Volvo VNL Autonomous
- Avride ADS[Verified Stack]
Powers: Avride delivery robot, Avride Robotaxi (Hyundai Ioniq 5)
- Gatik Driver[Verified Stack]
Powers: Gatik Autonomous Box Truck, Gatik Autonomous Drive
- Mobileye Drive[Verified Stack]
Powers: Mobileye Drive, Volvo EX90, VW ID. Buzz AD
- Nuro Driver[Verified Stack]
Powers: Nuro Autonomous Prius, Nuro R2, Nuro R3
- Plus SuperDrive[Verified Stack]
Powers: PlusDrive, Plus SuperDrive Autonomous Truck
- PonyWorld (Pony.ai Virtual Driver)[Verified Stack]
Powers: Pony Gen-7 Robotaxi
- Tesla FSD-Bot[Verified Stack]
Powers: Cybercab, Tesla Optimus, Tesla Robotaxi (Model Y ADS), Semi
- VLT (XPENG VLA / VLA 2.0)[Verified Stack]
Powers: XPeng IRON, XPENG Robotaxi
- Waymo Driver[Verified Stack]
Powers: Waymo Driver (6th gen), Ojai, Waymo Via (autonomous trucking)
- WeRide One[Verified Stack]
Powers: Robotaxi GXR